APPROVAL PAGE
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Conceptual Framework/Theoretical Framework
1.3 Statement of the Problem
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Definition of Terms

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Blood
2.1.1 Different Types of Blood
2.1.2 Why Are Blood Types Important?
2.1.3 Various Test for Blood Typing
2.2 Arduino Nano (ATMEGA328)
2.3 Photo Detector (OPT101)

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Hardware Design
3.2 Firmware Design
3.3 Study Site
3.4 Data Gathering
3.5 Data Analysis

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results
4.2 Calibration of the Device

5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations

REFERENCES
APPENDICES

In this study, a portable voltage measuring device is specifically designed and fabricated to determine the voltage ranges through a person's middle finger. The proposed design is microcontroller-based that uses light emitting diode (LED) to which light is drawn and make it pass through the middle finger. It is a device that transmits and receives optical signal through the middle finger, converts that optical signal into digital voltage signal and displays the voltage reading in the LCD. Without skin prickling the process transmits the light being received by the photodetector which gives off the output voltage that will be indicated in an LCD. The researchers conducted the test to 25 respondents to gather their individual voltage. The developed program ran smoothly and displayed stable measurement. The device displayed precise output voltage in the LCD and showed stability in each trial taken from each respondent using their right and left Is The en average, tata coints given by the device difer ant the mean alic bys that the device is precise and reliable. This proves that the device would be ready to be applied for a non-invasive ABO blood group detection.

Keywords: Voltage Measurement, LED, LCD, Photodetector, Non-invasive, ABO