Thesis (B.S.) -- Cagayan State University, 2025.

This study optimizes the safety protocols and risk management practices in drainage and canal excavation projects in Third District of Cagayan to reduce accidents and enhance workers' safety. Employing a mixed-method research design that includes direct site observation and surveys of construction workers and construction professionals, the study highlights significant areas of concern such as worker safety, equipment handling, site accessibility, emergency preparedness, and compliance with regulatory standards. Findings reveal gaps in PPE compliance, inadequate monitoring and reinforcement, limited access to communication apparatus, and the need for more practical and accessible safety training to strengthen overall compliance. The study indicates a very strong positive correlation between safety conditions and the recognized risks at excavation sites. To further enhance safety compliance and risk mitigation, a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) model utilizing Random Forest algorithm is proposed, providing predictive insights and enhanced strategies for efficient safety management. The MOPSO model creates a set of solutions in which enhancing one objective may adversely affect another, effectively addressing conflicting goals such as minimizing risk while maximizing safety at all levels. The model supports construction firms and policymakers in establishing proactive and standardized safety frameworks that promote safer excavation environments.