Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents
SECTION I Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Diseases
1. Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral and Rickettsial Infections and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Disease / Jane E. Sykes 1
Clinical Relevance 1
Diagnostic Assay Interpretation 2
Sample Selection and Preservation 3
Laboratory Analysis 4
Serodiagnosis and Immune Assessment 5
Molecular Diagnostics 5
Clinical Epidemiology 8
2. Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Chemotherapy / Katrin Hartmann 10
Antivirals 10
Immunomodulators 17
3. Canine Distemper / Marc Vandevelde 25
Etiology 25
Epidemiology 26
Pathogenesis 26
Clinical Findings 31
Diagnosis 33
Pathologic Findings 36
Therapy 37
Prevention 38
Public Health Considerations 42
4. Infectious Canine Hepatitis and Canine Acidophil Cell Hepatitis / Craig E. Greene 42
Infectious Canine Hepatitis 42
Canine Acidophil Cell Hepatitis 47
5. Canine Herpesvirus Infection / Craig E. Greene 48
Etiology 48
Epidemiology 49
Pathogenesis 49
Clinical Findings 51
Diagnosis 52
Pathologic Findings 52
Therapy 53
Prevention 54
Public Health Considerations 54
6. Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease / Richard B. Ford 55
Etiology 55
Epidemiology 57
Pathogenesis 57
Canine Parainfluenza Virus 57
Canine Influenza Virus 58
Canine Adenovirus Type 2 58
Canine Distemper Virus 58
Canine Respiratory Coronavirus 58
Canine Herpesvirus 58
Canine Reovirus 58
Clinical Findings 59
Diagnosis 60
Therapy 61
Treatments Not Recommended 62
Prevention 63
Public Health Considerations 65
7. Nonrespiratory Paramyxovirus Infections of Dogs / Craig E. Greene 65
Parainfluenza Virus-5 Infection 65
Mumps 66
Nipah and Hendra Virus Infections 67
8. Canine Viral Enteritis / Nicola Decaro 67
Canine Parvovirus Enteritis 67
Canine Parvovirus-1 Infection 75
Canine Coronavirus Enteritis 76
Canine Rotavirus Infection 79
Calicivirus and Norovirus Infections 80
Other Viral Enteritides 80
9. Feline Enteric Viral Infections / Craig E. Greene 80
Feline Parvovirus Infection 80
Canine Parvovirus Infection in Cats 88
Feline Astrovirus Infections 90
Feline Rotavirus Infections 91
Norovirus Infection 91
Torovirus-Like Agent Infection 91
Feline Reovirus Infection 91
Other Enteric Viral Infections 91
10. Feline Coronavirus Infections / Diane D. Addie 92
Etiology (including SARS virus) 92
Epidemiology 93
Pathogenesis 94
Clinical Findings 95
Diagnosis 98
Pathologic Findings 103
Therapy 104
Prevention 106
Public Health Considerations 108
11. Feline Leukemia Virus Infection / Katrin Hartmann 108
Etiology 108
Epidemiology 111
Pathogenesis 113
Clinical Findings 118
Fibrosarcoma (including feline sarcoma virus) 121
Diagnosis 126
Therapy 129
Prevention 133
Public Health Considerations 135
12. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection / Katrin Hartmann 136
Etiology 136
Epidemiology 137
Pathogenesis 138
Clinical Findings 140
Diagnosis 142
Pathologic Findings 144
Therapy 144
Prevention 148
Public Health and Other Considerations 149
13. Feline Adenovirus Infection / Frances A. Kennedy 149
14. Feline Respiratory Disease / Alan Radford 151
Etiology 151
Feline Herpesvirus-1 151
Feline Calicivirus 151
Bordetella bronchiseptica 152
Other Organisms 152
Epidemiology 152
Feline Herpesvirus-1 and Feline Calicivirus Infections 152
Pathogenesis 154
Clinical Findings 155
Diagnosis 157
Therapy 157
Prevention 159
Public Health Considerations 162
15. Feline Foamy (Syncytium-Forming) Virus Infection / Martin Lochelt 162
Etiology 162
Pathogenesis 162
Clinical Findings 163
Diagnosis 163
Therapy and Prevention 164
Public Health Considerations 164
16. Feline Paramyxovirus Infections / Hans Lutz 164
Avian Newcastle Virus Infection 164
Untyped Paramyxovirus Infection 164
Canine Distemper Virus Infection 164
Hendra Virus (Equine Morbillivirus) Infection 165
Nipah Virus Infection 166
17. Poxvirus Infections / Craig E. Greene 166
Cowpox Virus Infection 167
Parapox Virus Infection 168
Raccoonpox Virus Infection 168
Cowpox 168
Vaccinia 169
Canarypox 169
Monkeypox 169
Other Poxvirus Infections 169
18. Papillomavirus Infections / Claude Favrot 169
Etiology 169
Epidemiology 170
Pathogenesis 171
Clinical Findings 171
Diagnosis 173
Therapy 173
Prevention 174
19. Miscellaneous Viral Infections 174
Hantaviral Infection / Bruno B. Chomel 174
Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Craig E. Greene 176
Vesicular Exanthema / Craig E. Greene 176
Hepatitis E Virus Infection / Craig E. Greene 176
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease / Craig E. Greene 176
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Craig E. Greene 176
Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection / Craig E. Greene 177
Ebola Virus Infection / Craig E. Greene 177
Borna Disease Meningoencephalomyelitis / Mikael Berg 177
20. Rabies and Other Lyssavirus Infections / Craig E. Greene 179
Etiology 179
Epidemiology 180
Pathogenesis 186
Clinical Findings 187
Diagnosis 188
Pathologic Findings 189
Therapy 191
Prevention 191
Public Health Considerations 195
Internet Information 197
21. Pseudorabies / Marc Vandevelde 198
Etiology 198
Epidemiology 198
Pathogenesis 198
Clinical Findings 198
Diagnosis 199
Pathologic Findings 199
Therapy 200
Prevention 200
22. Enterovirus Infections / Craig E. Greene 201
23. Influenza Virus Infections / Katrin Hartmann 202
Human Influenza (H3N2 and H1N1) Virus Infections 203
Avian Influenza (H3N2 and H5N1) Virus Infections 204
Canine Influenza (H3N8) Virus Infection 208
24. Arthropod-Borne Viral Infections 210
Mosquito-Borne and Gnat-Borne Infections / Richard A. Bowen 210
West Nile Virus Infection / Craig E. Greene 214
Tick-Borne Infections 217
Central European Tick-Borne Encephalitis / Marc Vadervelde 217
Louping-ILL / Kim Willoughby 218
25. Neorickettsia and Wolbachia Infections 219
Neorickettsia Risticii Infection / T. Mark Neer 219
Neorickettsia Helminthoeca Infection (Salmon Poisoning Disease) / Jane E. Sykes 220
Wolbachia Pipientis Infection / C. Thomas Nelson 224
26. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Infections 227
Ehrlichia Canis Infection / T. Mark Neer 227
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis Infection (Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis) / T. Mark Neer 238
Ehrlichia Ruminantium Infection (Heartwater) / T. Mark Neer 238
Ehrlichia spp. Infection (Feline Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis) / Edward B. Breitschwerdt 238
Ehrlichia Ewingii Infection (Canine Granulocytotropic Ehrlichiosis) / Leah A. Cohn 241
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Infection (Canine Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis) / Edward B. Breitschwerdt 244
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Infection (Feline Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis) / Edward B. Breitschwerdt 254
Anaplasma Platys Infection (Thrombocytotropic Anaplasmosis) / John W. Harvey 256
27. Rocky Mountain and Mediterranean Spotted Fevers, Cat-Flea Typhuslike Illness, Rickettsialpox, and Typhus / Edward B. Breitschwerdt 259
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 259
Mediterranean Spotted Fever (Rickettsia Conorii ssp. Conorii Infection) 268
Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia 268
Rickettsialpox 268
Cat-Flea Typhuslike Illness (Rickettsia Felis Infection) 269
Typhus 269
28. Chlamydial Infections / Craig E. Greene 270
Etiology 270
Epidemiology 271
Pathogenesis 272
Clinical Findings 272
Diagnosis 273
Therapy 274
Prevention 275
Public Health Considerations 275
SECTION II Mycoplasmal and Bacterial Diseases
29. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections / Robert L. Jones 277
Diagnostic Methods 277
Interpretation of Culture Results 280
Molecular Detection and Identification 281
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests 281
Serologic Testing 283
30. Antibacterial Chemotherapy / Dawn M. Boothe 283
β-Lactam Drugs 285
Cephalosporins 289
Phosphonic Acids 291
Aminoglycosides 291
Peptides 294
Polymyxins 294
Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol, and Thiamphenicol 295
Tetracyclines 295
Macrolides and Lincosamides 297
Metronidazole 299
Novobiocin 299
Nitrofurans 299
Sulfonamides 299
Diaminopyrimidines-Sulfonamides 301
Quinolones 301
Streptogramins and Oxazolidinones 306
Pleuromutilins 307
Ketolides 307
Urinary Antiseptics 307
Antituberculous Drugs 307
Drugs Against Rapidly Growing Opportunistic Mycobacteria 308
Topical Antibacterial Drugs 308
Safety of Antibacterial Drugs and Guidelines for Selection 308
31. Hemotropic Mycoplasmosis (Hemobartonellosis) / John W. Harvey 310
Etiology 310
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis 312
Clinical Findings 315
Diagnosis 316
Pathologic Findings 318
Therapy 318
Prevention 319
Public Health Considerations 319
32. Nonhemotropic Mycoplasmal, Ureaplasmal, and L-Form Infections / Victoria J. Chalker 319
Nonhemotropic Mycoplasmal and Ureaplasmal Infections 319
L-Form Infections 324
33. Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections 325
Streptococcal Infections / John F. Prescott 325
Enterococcal Infections / John F. Prescott 333
Rhodococcus Equi Infection / John F. Prescott 334
Corynebacterium Infections / John F. Prescott 335
Listeriosis / John F. Prescott 336
Erysipelothrix Infections / John F. Prescott 336
Anthrax
George E. Moore 337
34. Staphylococcal Infections / J. Scott Weese 340
Etiology 340
Epidemiology 340
Pathogenesis 342
Clinical Findings 342
Diagnosis 343
Therapy 344
Public Health Considerations 347
35. Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Amie Koenig 349
Virulence Factors Associated with Escherichia coli Intestinal Infections 350
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 353
Klebsiella Infections 353
Pseudomonas Infections 353
Pasteurella Infections 354
Ralstonia pickettii Infection 354
Citrobacter Infections 354
Acinetobacter baumannii Infections 354
Providencia Infections 354
Serratia Infections 355
Enterobacter cloacae Infections 355
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Cutaneous and Renal Glomerular Vasculopathy of Greyhounds 355
36. Sepsis, Deborah Silverstein and Cynthia M. Otto 359
Etiology 359
Epidemiology 360
Pathogenesis 361
Clinical Signs 363
Diagnosis 363
Pathologic Findings 364
Therapy 366
Novel Therapeutics with Potential for Treatment 369
Prognosis 369
37. Enteric Bacterial Infections 370
Campylobacter Infections / James G. Fox 370
Arcobacter Infections / James G. Fox 374
Gastric Helicobacter Infections / James G. Fox 374
Intestinal and Hepatic Helicobacter Infections / James G. Fox 380
Anaerobiospirillum Infection / Craig E. Greene 383
Salmonellosis / Craig E. Greene 383
Shigellosis / Craig E. Greene 389
Yersiniosis / Craig E. Greene 390
Plesiomonas Shigelloides Infection / Craig E. Greene 391
Lawsonia Intracellulars Infection / Craig E. Greene 391
Brachyspira Pilosicoli Infection / Craig E. Greene 391
Tyzzer's Disease
Boyd R. Jones and Craig E. Greene 391
Clostridium Perfringens---and Clostridium Difficile---Associated Diarrhea
Stanley L. Marks 393
38. Canine Brucellosis / Leland E. Carmichael 398
Etiology and Epidemiology 398
Pathogenesis 399
Clinical Findings 400
Diagnosis 402
Pathologic Findings 407
Therapy 407
Control in Infected Kennels 410
Prevention 410
Public Health Considerations 410
39. Anaerobic Infections / Spencer S. Jang 411
Etiology 411
Epidemiology 412
Pathogenesis 412
Clinical Findings 413
Diagnosis 413
Therapy 415
Public Health Considerations 415
40. Botulism / Jeanne A. Barsanti 416
Etiology 416
Pathogenesis 417
Clinical Findings 419
Diagnosis 420
Therapy 421
Prevention 422
Public Health Considerations 422
Therapeutic Use of Botulinal Toxin 422
41. Tetanus / Craig E. Greene 423
Etiology 423
Epidemiology 423
Pathogenesis 423
Clinical Findings 424
Diagnosis 425
Therapy 427
Prevention 431
42. Leptospirosis / Ronald D. Schultz 431
Etiology 431
Epidemiology 433
Pathogenesis 434
Clinical Findings 436
Diagnosis 438
Pathologic Findings 442
Therapy 444
Prevention 445
Public Health Considerations 446
43. Borreliosis / Steven A. Levy 447
Etiology 447
Epidemiology 449
Pathogenesis 453
Clinical Findings 455
Diagnosis 457
Pathologic Findings 460
Therapy 460
Prevention 462
Public Health Considerations 464
44. Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections / Richard Malik 465
Melioidosis 465
Glanders 468
Chryseomonas Infections 468
Chromobacterium Infections 468
45. Plague / Bruno Chomel 469
Etiology 469
Epidemiology 469
Pathogenesis 471
Clinical Findings 472
Diagnosis 472
Pathologic Findings 473
Therapy 473
Prevention 474
Public Health Considerations 475
46. Francisella and Coxiella Infections / Craig E. Greene 476
Tularemia 476
Franciscella Philomiragia Infection 482
Q Fever 482
47. Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis / Jane E. Sykes 484
Actinomycosis 484
Nocardiosis 490
48. Mycobacterial Infections 495
Infections Caused by Slow-Growing Mycobacteria / Danielle A. Gunn-Moore 495
Feline Leprosy Syndromes / Richard Malik 510
Canine Leproid Granulomas (Canine Leprosy) / Janet A. Fyfe 513
Infections Caused by Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria / Richard Malik 515
49. Dermatophilosis / Craig E. Greene 521
Etiology and Epidemiology 521
Clinical Findings 521
Diagnosis 521
Pathologic Findings 522
Therapy 523
Public Health Considerations 523
50. Abscesses and Botryomycosis Caused by Bacteria / Craig E. Greene 523
Abscesses 523
Botryomycosis (Pyogranulomatous Inflammation, Bacterial Pseudomycetoma) 527
51. Bite Wound Infections / Ellie J. C. Goldstein 528
Dog and Cat Bite Infections 528
Rat Bite Infections 542
52. Bartonellosis 543
Etiology 543
Feline Bartonellosis / Lynn Guptill-Yoran 545
Canine Bartonellosis / Bruno B. Chomel 552
53. Surgical and Traumatic Wound Infections / J. Scott Weese 563
Etiology 563
Clinical Findings 566
Diagnosis 567
Therapy 568
Prevention 568
Future Modalities 570
SECTION III Fungal and Algal Diseases
54. Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal and Algal Infections / Richard L. Walker 571
Specimens for Laboratory Diagnosis 571
Sample Collection 571
Transportation and Preservation 572
Processing of Specimens 572
55. Antifungal Chemotherapy / Craig E. Greene 579
Systemic Antifungals 579
Topical Antifungals 586
56. Cutaneous Fungal Infections 588
Dermatophytosis / Douglas J. DeBoer 588
Malassezia Dermatitis / Ross Bond 602
57. Blastomycosis / Alfred M. Legendre 606
Etiology 606
Epidemiology 606
Pathogenesis 607
Clinical Findings 608
Diagnosis 610
Pathologic Findings 611
Therapy 611
Prevention 613
Public Health Considerations 614
58. Histoplasmosis / Craig E. Greene 614
Etiology 614
Epidemiology 614
Pathogenesis 614
Clinical Findings 615
Diagnosis 616
Pathologic Findings 618
Therapy 619
Prevention 620
Public Health Considerations 621
59. Cryptococcosis / Richard Malik 621
Etiology 621
Epidemiology 622
Pathogenesis 622
Clinical Findings 624
Diagnosis 626
Pathologic Findings 629
Therapy 630
Public Health Considerations 634
60. Coccidioidomycosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis / Russell T. Greene 634
Coccidioidomycosis 634
Paracoccidioidomycosis 645
61. Sporotrichosis / Bodo Wanke 645
Etiology and Epidemiology 645
Pathogenesis 646
Clinical Findings 646
Diagnosis 647
Therapy 648
Public Health Considerations 650
62. Aspergillosis and Penicilliosis 651
Canine Sinonasal Aspergillosis-Penicilliosis / Cecile Clercx 651
Feline Sinonasal and Sinoorbital Aspergillus Fumigatus Complex and Penicillium Infections / Vanessa R. D. Barrs 659
Canine Disseminated Aspergillosis / Michael J. Day 662
Feline Disseminated Aspergillosis / Michael J. Day 666
63. Candidiasis and Rhodotorulosis / Barrak M. Pressler 666
Candidiasis 666
Rhodotorulosis 671
64. Trichosporonosis / Craig E. Greene 672
Etiology 672
Pathogenesis 673
Clinical Findings 673
Diagnosis 673
Pathologic Findings 674
Therapy 674
Public Health Considerations 675
65. Miscellaneous Fungal Infections / Carol S. Foil 675
Pythiosis 677
Lagenidiosis 681
Zygomycosis 683
Hyalohyphomycosis 684
Phaeohyphomycosis 685
Eumycotic Mycetomas 688
66. Pneumocystosis / Remo Lobetti 689
Etiology 689
Epidemiology 689
Pathogenesis 689
Clinical Findings 690
Diagnosis 691
Immunologic Findings 692
Pathologic Findings 693
Therapy 694
Public Health Considerations 695
67. Protothecosis and Chlorellosis / Barrak M. Pressler 696
Protothecosis 696
Chlorellosis 701
68. Rhinosporidiosis / Craig E. Greene 702
Etiology 702
Epidemiology 702
Pathogenesis 702
Clinical Findings 702
Diagnosis 703
Pathologic Findings 703
Therapy 703
Public Health Considerations 704
69. Microsporidiosis / Elizabeth S. Didier 704
Etiology 704
Epidemiology 705
Clinical Findings 706
Diagnosis 706
Pathologic Findings 707
Therapy 708
Prevention and Public Health Considerations 708
SECTION IV Protozoal Diseases
70. Laboratory Diagnosis of Protozoal Infections / David S. Lindsay 711
Microscopic Examination 711
Culture and Animal Inoculation 716
Antigen Detection 716
Molecular Genetic Detection 717
Serologic Testing 717
71. Antiprotozoal Chemotherapy / Craig E. Greene 718
Azo-Naphthalene Drugs 718
Acridine Dyes 718
Quinoline and Quinolone Derivatives 718
Aromatic Diamidines 718
Nitroimidazoles 718
Benzimidazoles 720
Azoles 720
Ionophores 721
Antimonials 721
Antibacterials 721
Miscellaneous Drugs 721
72. Trypanosomiasis 722
American Trypanosomiasis / Sonia A. Kjos 722
African Trypanosomiasis / Craig E. Greene 730
73. Leishmaniases 734
Global Aspects of Leishmaniosis / Laia Solano-Gallego 734
Canine Leishmaniosis / Laia Solano-Gallego 735
Canine American Tegumentary Leishmaniosis / Laia Solano-Gallego 746
Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis in North America / Susana Mendez 747
Feline Leishmaniosis / Gad Baneth 748
74. Hepatozoonosis 750
Hepatozoon Canis Infection / Gad Baneth 750
Hepatozoon Americanum Infection / Thomas M. Potter 757
Feline Hepatozoonosis / Gad Baneth 763
75. Cytauxzoonosis / Adam J. Birkenheuer 764
Etiology and Epidemiology 764
Pathogenesis 765
Clinical Findings 766
Diagnosis 768
Pathologic Findings 769
Therapy 770
Prevention 771
76. Babesiosis / Adam J. Birkenheuer 771
Etiology 771
Epidemiology 773
Pathogenesis 775
Clinical Findings 776
Diagnosis 778
Pathologic Findings 780
Therapy 781
Prevention 783
Public Health Considerations 784
77. Enteric Protozoal Infections 785
Giardiasis / Michael R. Lappin 785
Amebiasis / Craig E. Greene 792
Balantidiasis / Craig E. Greene 794
Blastocystosis / Seth Chapman 795
Trichomoniasis / Jody L. Gookin 797
78. Nonenteric Amebiasis: Acanthamebiasis, Hartmannelliasis, and Balamuthiasis / Marc Kent 802
Etiology 802
Epidemiology 803
Pathogenesis 803
Clinical Findings 803
Diagnosis 803
Pathologic Findings 804
Therapy 805
Prevention 806
Public Health Considerations 806
79. Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis / Michael R. Lappin 806
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection 806
Toxoplasma Gondii---Like Infection of Cats 820
Toxoplasma Gondii---Like Cutaneous Infection of Dogs 820
Neospora Caninum Infection 821
Neospora Hughesi Infection 827
80. Enteric Coccidiosis / Craig E. Greene 828
Intestinal Coccidiosis 828
Visceral and Cutaneous Caryosporosis 837
Intrahepatic Biliary Coccidiosis in Dogs 839
Intrapulmonary Coccidiosis in Dogs 839
81. Cryptosporidiosis and Cyclosporiasis / Michael R. Lappin 840
Cryptosporidiosis 840
Cyclosporiasis 849
SECTION V Clinical Problems
82. Neurologic Diseases of Suspected Infectious Origin and Prion Disease 853
Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis / Scott J. Schatzberg 853
Necrotizing Encephalitis / Scott J. Schatzberg 856
Hydrocephalus with Periventricular Encephalitis in Dogs / Marc Vandevelde 858
Nonsuppurative Meningoencephalitis in Greyhounds / Marc Vandevelde 858
Canine Leukoencephalopathy and Parvovirus Infection / Craig E. Greene 859
Feline Poliomyelitis / Marc Vandevelde 860
Steroid-Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis / Marc Vandevelde 860
Prion Diseases and Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy / Craig E. Greene 862
83. Heartworm Disease / C. Thomas Nelson 865
Canine Heartworm Disease 865
Feline Heartworm Disease 873
84. Integumentary Infections 877
Bacterial Infections of the Skin / Peter J. Ihrke 877
Otitis Externa / Lynette K. Cole 885
85. Musculoskeletal Infections 892
Osteomyelitis / David Bennett 892
Diskospondylitis and Vertebral Osteomyelitis / David Bennett 899
Otitis Media and Otitis Interna / Lynette K. Cole 902
Joint Infections / David Bennett 908
Infective Myositis / David Bennett 911
86. Cardiovascular Infections / Justin D. Thomason 912
Bacteremia 912
Sepsis 924
Infective Endocarditis 925
Infectious Myocarditis 933
Transmissible Myocarditis-Diaphragmitis of Cats 934
Infectious Pericardial Effusion 934
Infection and Coronary Vascular Disease 936
87. Bacterial Respiratory Infections / Carol Reinero 936
Resident Bacterial Flora 936
Respiratory Diagnostics 937
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 942
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 943
Pleural Infections 948
88. Gastrointestinal and Intra-Abdominal Infections / Stanley L. Marks 950
Oral Cavity 950
Esophagus and Stomach 960
Small Intestine 960
Large Intestine 974
Intra-Abdominal Infections 977
89. Hepatobiliary Infections / Sharon A. Center 981
Antibacterial Defense 981
Susceptibility to Infection 981
Endotoxin 982
Role of Kupffer Cells 982
Role of Neutrophils 983
Role of Cholangiocytes 983
Bile: Protection from Infection 983
Bacterial Flora of the Hepatobiliary System 984
Factors Increasing Risk for Hepatobiliary Infection 984
Influence of Cholestasis on Hepatobiliary Infections 984
Transmural Passage of Enteric Organisms 985
Bacterobilia 986
Risks Increasing Postoperative Sepsis 987
Innocent Bystander Effects on the Hepatobiliary System 987
Systemic Infections 988
Specific Hepatobiliary Infections 991
General Therapy for Hepatobiliary Infections 1007
90. Genitourinary Infections / Jeanne A. Barsanti 1013
Resident Microflora 1013
Urinary Tract Infections 1014
Male Genital Infections 1031
Female Genital Infections 1037
91. Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System / Marc Kent 1045
Etiology 1045
Pathogenesis 1046
Clinical Findings 1048
Diagnosis 1049
Therapy 1054
92. Ocular Infections / Jean Stiles 1058
Extraocular Infections 1058
Intraocular Infections 1067
93. Environmental Factors in Infectious Disease / Janet P. Calpin 1078
Means of Transmission 1078
Relevance of the Environment in Disease Transmission 1079
Environmental Control of Microbes 1079
Nosocomial Infections 1085
Control of Free-Roaming Animals 1095
Geographic Considerations of Infection Prevalence 1095
Quarantine to Reduce Spread of Exotic Infections 1096
Precautions with Blood Product Transfusions 1096
Vector-Borne Infections 1097
94. Immunodeficiencies and Infectious Diseases / Jo Smith 1101
Primary or Hereditary Immunodeficiencies 1101
Secondary or Acquired Immunodeficiencies 1104
Diagnostic Studies 1104
Treatment and Prevention 1105
Specific Primary or Inherited Immunodeficiencies 1106
Specific Secondary or Acquired Immunodeficiencies 1111
95. Fever / Katharine F. Lunn 1115
Pathophysiology of Fever 1115
Fever of Unknown Origin 1117
Therapy of Fever 1122
96. Prevention and Management of Infection in Canine Populations / Claudia J. Baldwin 1124
General Characteristics of Canine Populations 1124
Disease Transmission 1124
Defining Capacity/Managing Population Density 1125
General Considerations for Kennel Design and Layout as it Relates to Population Health 1125
Segregation of Populations 1127
Disinfection, Sanitation, and Pest Control 1127
Other Environmental Factors 1128
Host Factors 1128
Health Monitoring 1129
Record Keeping 1130
Community Health 1130
97. Prevention and Management of Infectious Diseases in Multiple-Cat Environments / Janet E. Foley 1130
General Management Strategies 1131
Important Infectious Syndromes in Catteries 1133
Special Situations 1135
98. Considerations and Management of Infectious Diseases of Feral Cats / Julie K. Levy 1136
Demographics of Feral Cats 1136
Risks Feral Cats Pose to Humans 1137
Cat-Bite Wounds and Rabies 1137
Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus 1138
Other Infectious and Parasitic Conditions 1138
Vaccination 1138
Parasite Control 1138
99. Zoonotic Infections of Medical Importance in Immunocompromised Humans / Craig E. Greene 1141
Immunodeficiencies in Humans 1141
Pet Ownership 1141
Zoonotic Risk 1141
Occupational and Environmental Risks 1142
Legal Implications for Veterinarians 1143
Benefits of Pet Ownership 1144
Support Groups 1144
Pet Advisement 1144
Diseases 1144
Recommendations 1159
100. Immunoprophylaxis / Julie K. Levy 1163
Maternally Derived Immunity 1163
Passive Immunization 1163
Maternal Immunity and Immunization 1165
Active Immunization 1166
Controversies Concerning Annual Vaccination and Individualized Protocols 1171
Liability Related to Vaccination 1180
Postvaccinal Complications 1181
Vaccination Recommendations for Specific Diseases 1191
Nosodes 1205
Appendix Antimicrobial Drug Formulary / Janet P. Calpin 1207
Web Appendix 1 Recommendations for Core and Noncore Vaccinations of Dogs / Gerryll Gae Hall
Web Appendix 2 Recommendations for Core and Noncore Vaccinations of Cats / Gerryll Gae Hall
Web Appendix 3 Canine and Feline Biologics Manufacturers and Products Available Worldwide / Craig E. Greene
Web Appendix 4 Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control
Web Appendix 5 Laboratory Testing for Infectious Diseases of Dogs and cats / Craig E. Greene
Web Appendix 6 Manufacturers of Diagnostic Test Kits or Reagents and Their Products / Janet P. Calpin
Web Appendix 7 Disease Rule-Outs for Medical Problems / Craig E. Greene
Index 1321