Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents
Ch. 1 The 50-Year History of Artificial Intelligence 1
1.1 Departure from the Dartmouth Symposium 1
1.2 Expected Goals as Time Goes On 4
1.3 AI Achievements in 50 years 8
1.4 Major Development of AI in the Information Age 12
1.5 The Cross Trend between AI, Brain Science and Cognitive Science 15
Ch. 2 Methodologies of AI 21
2.1 Symbolism Methodology 21
2.2 Connectionism Methodology 30
2.3 Behaviorism Methodology 35
2.4 Reflection on Methodologies 38
Ch. 3 On Uncertainties of Knowledge 43
3.1 On Randomness 43
3.2 On Fuzziness 47
3.3 Uncertainties in Natural Languages 51
3.4 Uncertainties in Commonsense Knowledge 54
3.5 Other Uncertainties of Knowledge 57
Ch. 4 Mathematical Foundation of AI with Uncertainty 61
4.1 Probability Theory 61
4.2 Fuzzy Set Theory 76
4.3 Rough Set Theory 81
4.4 Chaos and Fractal 89
4.5 Kernel Functions and Principal Curves 94
Ch. 5 Qualitative and Quantitative Transform Model - Cloud Model 107
5.1 Perspectives on the Study of AI with Uncertainty 107
5.2 Representing Concepts Using Cloud Models 112
5.3 Normal Cloud Generator 118
5.4 Mathematical Properties of Normal Cloud 138
5.5 On the Pervasiveness of the Normal Cloud Model 144
Ch. 6 Discovering Knowledge with Uncertainty through Methodologies in Physics 153
6.1 From Perception of Physical World to Perception of Human Self 153
6.2 Data Field 158
6.3 Uncertainty in Concept Hierarchy 182
6.4 Knowledge Discovery State Space 196
Ch. 7 Data Mining for Discovering Knowledge with Uncertainty 201
7.1 Uncertainty in Data Mining 201
7.2 Classification and Clustering with Uncertainty 205
7.3 Discovery of Association Rules with Uncertainty 244
7.4 Time Series Data Mining and Forecasting 253
Ch. 8 Reasoning and Control of Qualitative Knowledge 273
8.1 Qualitative Rule Construction by Cloud 273
8.2 Qualitative Control Mechanism 280
8.3 Inverted Pendulum - an Example of Intelligent Control with Uncertainty 291
Ch. 9 A New Direction for AI with Uncertainty 315
9.1 Computing with Words 316
9.2 Study of Cognitive Physics 320
9.3 Complex Networks with Small World and Scale-Free Models 328
9.4 Long Way to Go for AI with Uncertainty 340
Research Foundation Support 345
Index 347

The 50-year history of artificial intelligence -- Methodologies of AI -- On uncertainties of knowledge -- Mathematical foundation of AI with uncertainty -- Qualitative and quantitative transform model : cloud model -- Discovering knowledge with uncertainty through methodologies in physics -- Data mining for discovering knowledge with uncertainty -- Reasoning and control of qualitative knowledge -- A new direction for AI with uncertainty -- Research foundation support