It is possible to reduce biological explanations to explanations in chemistry and/or physics / Evelyn Fox Keller -- It is not possible to reduce biological explanations to explanations in chemistry and/or physics / John Dupré -- Traits have evolved to function the way they do because of a past advantage / Mark Perlman -- Traits have not evolved to function the way they do because of a past advantage / Robert Cummins and Martin Roth -- Species are real biological entities / Michael F. Claridge -- Species are not uniquely real biological entities / Brent D. Mishler -- Selection does operate primarily on genes : in defense of the gene as the unit of selection / Carmen Sapienza -- Selection does not operate primarily on genes / Richard M. Burian -- Microevolution and macroevolution are governed by the same processes / Michael R. Dietrich -- Microevolution and macroevolution are not governed by the same processes / Douglas H. Erwin -- Evolutionary developmental biology offers a significant challenge to the neo-Darwinian paradigm / Manfred D. Laubichler -- Evolutionary developmental biology does not offer a significant challenge to the neo-Darwinian paradigm / Alessandro Minelli -- The basic components of the human mind were solidified during the Pleistocene epoch / Valerie G. Starratt and Todd K. Shackelford -- The basic components of the human mind were not solidified during the Pleistocene epoch / Stephen M. Downes -- Memetics does provide a useful way of understanding cultural evolution / Susan Blackmore -- Memetics does not provide a useful way of understanding cultural evolution : a developmental perspective / William C. Wimsatt -- The biological sciences can act as a ground for ethics / Michael Ruse -- What the biological sciences can and cannot contribute to ethics / Francisco J. Ayala -- There is a place for intelligent design in the philosophy of biology : intelligent design in (philosophy of) biology : some legitimate roles / Del Ratzsch -- There is no place for intelligent design in the philosophy of biology : intelligent design is not science / Francisco J. Ayala.