CSU-Carig
Janert, Philipp K.,
Feedback control for computer systems [electronic resource] / - First edition. - one online resource, 329 pages : illustrations ;
Machine generated contents note: pt. I Foundations -- 1.Why Feedback? An Invitation -- A Hands-On Example -- Hoping for the Best -- Establishing Control -- Adding It Up -- Summary -- Code to Play With -- 2.Feedback Systems -- Systems and Signals -- Tracking Error and Corrective Action -- Stability, Performance, Accuracy -- The Setpoint -- Uncertainty and Change -- Feedback and Feedforward -- Feedback and Enterprise Systems -- Code to Play With -- 3.System Dynamics -- Lags and Delays -- Forced Response and Free Response -- Transient Response and Steady-State Response -- Dynamics in the Physical World and in the Virtual World -- Dynamics and Memory -- The Importance of Lags and Delays for Feedback Loops -- Avoiding Delays -- Theory and Practice -- Code to Play With -- 4.Controllers -- Block Diagrams -- On/Off Control -- Proportional Control -- Why Proportional Control Is Not Enough -- Integral Control -- Integral Control Changes the Dynamics -- Integral Control Can Generate a Constant Offset -- Derivative Control -- Problems with Derivative Control -- The Three-Term or PID Controller -- Code to Play With -- 5.Identifying Input and Output Signals -- Control Input and Output -- Directionality of the Input/Output Relation -- Examples -- Thermal Control 1 Heating -- Item Cache -- Server Scaling -- Controlling Supply and Demand by Dynamic Pricing -- Thermal Control 2 Cooling -- Criteria for Selecting Control Signals -- For Control Inputs -- For Control Outputs -- A Note on Multidimensional Systems -- 6.Review and Outlook -- The Feedback Idea -- Iteration -- Process Knowledge -- Avoiding Instability -- The Setpoint -- pt. II Practice -- 7.Theory Preview -- Frequency Representation -- The Transfer Function -- Block-Diagram Algebra -- PID Controllers -- Poles of the Transfer Function -- Process Models -- 8.Measuring the Transfer Function -- Static Input/Output Relation: The Process Characteristic -- Practical Considerations -- Dynamic Response to a Step Input: The Process Reaction Curve -- Practical Aspects -- Process Models -- Self-Regulating Process -- Accumulating Process -- Self-Regulating Process with Oscillation -- Non-Minimum Phase System -- Other Methods of System Identification -- 9.PID Tuning -- Tuning Objectives -- General Effect of Changes to Controller Parameters -- Ziegler-Nichols Tuning -- Semi-Analytical Tuning Methods -- Practical Aspects -- A Closer Look at Controller Tuning Formulas -- 10.Implementation Issues -- Actuator Saturation and Integrator Windup -- Preventing Integrator Windup -- Setpoint Changes and Integrator Preloading -- Smoothing the Derivative Term -- Choosing a Sampling Interval -- Variants of the PID Controller -- Incremental Form -- Error Feedback Versus Output Feedback -- The General Linear Digital Controller -- Nonlinear Controllers -- Error-Square and Gap Controllers -- Simulating Floating-Point Output -- Categorical Output -- 11.Common Feedback Architectures -- Changing Operating Conditions: Gain Scheduling -- Gain Scheduling for Mildly Nonlinear Systems -- Large Disturbances: Feedforward -- Fast and Slow Dynamics: Nested or "Cascade" Control -- Systems Involving Delays: The Smith Predictor -- pt. III Case Studies -- 12.Exploring Control Systems Through Simulation -- The Case Studies -- Modeling Time -- Control Time -- Simulation Time -- The Simulation Framework -- Components -- Plants and Systems -- Controllers -- Actuators and Filters -- Convenience Functions for Standard Loops -- Generating Graphical Output -- 13.Case Study: Cache Hit Rate -- Defining Components -- Cache Misses as Manufacturing Defects -- Measuring System Characteristics -- Controller Tuning -- Simulation Code -- 14.Case Study: Ad Delivery -- The Situation -- Measuring System Characteristics -- Establishing Control -- Improving Performance -- Variations -- Cumulative Goal -- Gain Scheduling -- Integrator Preloading -- Weekend Effects -- Simulation Code -- 15.Case Study: Scaling Server Instances -- The Situation -- Measuring and Tuning -- Reaching 100 Percent With a Nonstandard Controller -- Dealing with Latency -- Simulation Code -- 16.Case Study: Waiting-Queue Control -- On the Nature of Queues and Buffers -- The Architecture -- Setup and Tuning -- Derivative Control to the Rescue -- Controller Alternatives -- Simulation Code -- 17.Case Study: Cooling Fan Speed -- The Situation -- The Model -- Tuning and Commissioning -- Closed-Loop Performance -- Simulation Code -- 18.Case Study: Controlling Memory Consumption in a Game Engine -- The Situation -- Problem Analysis -- Architecture Alternatives -- A Nontraditional Loop Arrangement -- A Traditional Loop with Logarithms -- Results -- Simulation Code -- 19.Case Study Wrap-Up -- Simple Controllers, Simple Loops -- Measuring and Tuning -- Staying in Control -- Dealing with Noise -- pt. IV Theory -- 20.The Transfer Function -- Differential Equations -- Laplace Transforms -- Properties of the Laplace Transform -- Using the Laplace Transform to Solve Differential Equations -- A Worked Example -- The Transfer Function -- Worked Example: Step Response -- Worked Example: Ramp Input -- The Harmonic Oscillator -- What If the Differential Equation Is Not Known? -- 21.Block-Diagram Algebra and the Feedback Equation -- Composite Systems -- The Feedback Equation -- An Alternative Derivation of the Feedback Equation -- Block-Diagram Algebra -- Limitations and Importance of Transfer Function Methods -- 22.PID Controllers -- The Transfer Function of the PID Controller -- The Canonical Form of the PID Controller -- The General Controller -- Proportional Droop Revisited -- A Worked Example -- 23.Poles and Zeros -- Structure of a Transfer Function -- Effect of Poles and Zeros -- Special Cases and Additional Details -- Pole Positions and Response Patterns -- Dominant Poles -- Pole Placement -- What to Do About Delays -- 24.Root Locus Techniques -- Construction of Root Locus Diagrams -- Root Locus or "Evans" Rules -- Angle and Magnitude Criteria -- Practical Issues -- Examples -- Simple Lag with a P Controller -- Simple Lag with a PI Controller -- 25.Frequency Response and the Bode Plot -- Frequency Response -- Frequency Response in the Physical World -- Frequency Response for Transfer Functions -- A Worked Example -- The Bode Plot -- A Criterion for Marginal Stability -- Other Graphical Techniques -- 26.Topics Beyond This Book -- Discrete-Time Modeling and the z-Transform -- State-Space Methods -- Robust Control -- Optimal Control -- Mathematical Control Theory -- pt. V Appendices.
9781449361693
Feedback control systems.
Control theory.
Control theory.
Feedback control systems.
629.83
Feedback control for computer systems [electronic resource] / - First edition. - one online resource, 329 pages : illustrations ;
Machine generated contents note: pt. I Foundations -- 1.Why Feedback? An Invitation -- A Hands-On Example -- Hoping for the Best -- Establishing Control -- Adding It Up -- Summary -- Code to Play With -- 2.Feedback Systems -- Systems and Signals -- Tracking Error and Corrective Action -- Stability, Performance, Accuracy -- The Setpoint -- Uncertainty and Change -- Feedback and Feedforward -- Feedback and Enterprise Systems -- Code to Play With -- 3.System Dynamics -- Lags and Delays -- Forced Response and Free Response -- Transient Response and Steady-State Response -- Dynamics in the Physical World and in the Virtual World -- Dynamics and Memory -- The Importance of Lags and Delays for Feedback Loops -- Avoiding Delays -- Theory and Practice -- Code to Play With -- 4.Controllers -- Block Diagrams -- On/Off Control -- Proportional Control -- Why Proportional Control Is Not Enough -- Integral Control -- Integral Control Changes the Dynamics -- Integral Control Can Generate a Constant Offset -- Derivative Control -- Problems with Derivative Control -- The Three-Term or PID Controller -- Code to Play With -- 5.Identifying Input and Output Signals -- Control Input and Output -- Directionality of the Input/Output Relation -- Examples -- Thermal Control 1 Heating -- Item Cache -- Server Scaling -- Controlling Supply and Demand by Dynamic Pricing -- Thermal Control 2 Cooling -- Criteria for Selecting Control Signals -- For Control Inputs -- For Control Outputs -- A Note on Multidimensional Systems -- 6.Review and Outlook -- The Feedback Idea -- Iteration -- Process Knowledge -- Avoiding Instability -- The Setpoint -- pt. II Practice -- 7.Theory Preview -- Frequency Representation -- The Transfer Function -- Block-Diagram Algebra -- PID Controllers -- Poles of the Transfer Function -- Process Models -- 8.Measuring the Transfer Function -- Static Input/Output Relation: The Process Characteristic -- Practical Considerations -- Dynamic Response to a Step Input: The Process Reaction Curve -- Practical Aspects -- Process Models -- Self-Regulating Process -- Accumulating Process -- Self-Regulating Process with Oscillation -- Non-Minimum Phase System -- Other Methods of System Identification -- 9.PID Tuning -- Tuning Objectives -- General Effect of Changes to Controller Parameters -- Ziegler-Nichols Tuning -- Semi-Analytical Tuning Methods -- Practical Aspects -- A Closer Look at Controller Tuning Formulas -- 10.Implementation Issues -- Actuator Saturation and Integrator Windup -- Preventing Integrator Windup -- Setpoint Changes and Integrator Preloading -- Smoothing the Derivative Term -- Choosing a Sampling Interval -- Variants of the PID Controller -- Incremental Form -- Error Feedback Versus Output Feedback -- The General Linear Digital Controller -- Nonlinear Controllers -- Error-Square and Gap Controllers -- Simulating Floating-Point Output -- Categorical Output -- 11.Common Feedback Architectures -- Changing Operating Conditions: Gain Scheduling -- Gain Scheduling for Mildly Nonlinear Systems -- Large Disturbances: Feedforward -- Fast and Slow Dynamics: Nested or "Cascade" Control -- Systems Involving Delays: The Smith Predictor -- pt. III Case Studies -- 12.Exploring Control Systems Through Simulation -- The Case Studies -- Modeling Time -- Control Time -- Simulation Time -- The Simulation Framework -- Components -- Plants and Systems -- Controllers -- Actuators and Filters -- Convenience Functions for Standard Loops -- Generating Graphical Output -- 13.Case Study: Cache Hit Rate -- Defining Components -- Cache Misses as Manufacturing Defects -- Measuring System Characteristics -- Controller Tuning -- Simulation Code -- 14.Case Study: Ad Delivery -- The Situation -- Measuring System Characteristics -- Establishing Control -- Improving Performance -- Variations -- Cumulative Goal -- Gain Scheduling -- Integrator Preloading -- Weekend Effects -- Simulation Code -- 15.Case Study: Scaling Server Instances -- The Situation -- Measuring and Tuning -- Reaching 100 Percent With a Nonstandard Controller -- Dealing with Latency -- Simulation Code -- 16.Case Study: Waiting-Queue Control -- On the Nature of Queues and Buffers -- The Architecture -- Setup and Tuning -- Derivative Control to the Rescue -- Controller Alternatives -- Simulation Code -- 17.Case Study: Cooling Fan Speed -- The Situation -- The Model -- Tuning and Commissioning -- Closed-Loop Performance -- Simulation Code -- 18.Case Study: Controlling Memory Consumption in a Game Engine -- The Situation -- Problem Analysis -- Architecture Alternatives -- A Nontraditional Loop Arrangement -- A Traditional Loop with Logarithms -- Results -- Simulation Code -- 19.Case Study Wrap-Up -- Simple Controllers, Simple Loops -- Measuring and Tuning -- Staying in Control -- Dealing with Noise -- pt. IV Theory -- 20.The Transfer Function -- Differential Equations -- Laplace Transforms -- Properties of the Laplace Transform -- Using the Laplace Transform to Solve Differential Equations -- A Worked Example -- The Transfer Function -- Worked Example: Step Response -- Worked Example: Ramp Input -- The Harmonic Oscillator -- What If the Differential Equation Is Not Known? -- 21.Block-Diagram Algebra and the Feedback Equation -- Composite Systems -- The Feedback Equation -- An Alternative Derivation of the Feedback Equation -- Block-Diagram Algebra -- Limitations and Importance of Transfer Function Methods -- 22.PID Controllers -- The Transfer Function of the PID Controller -- The Canonical Form of the PID Controller -- The General Controller -- Proportional Droop Revisited -- A Worked Example -- 23.Poles and Zeros -- Structure of a Transfer Function -- Effect of Poles and Zeros -- Special Cases and Additional Details -- Pole Positions and Response Patterns -- Dominant Poles -- Pole Placement -- What to Do About Delays -- 24.Root Locus Techniques -- Construction of Root Locus Diagrams -- Root Locus or "Evans" Rules -- Angle and Magnitude Criteria -- Practical Issues -- Examples -- Simple Lag with a P Controller -- Simple Lag with a PI Controller -- 25.Frequency Response and the Bode Plot -- Frequency Response -- Frequency Response in the Physical World -- Frequency Response for Transfer Functions -- A Worked Example -- The Bode Plot -- A Criterion for Marginal Stability -- Other Graphical Techniques -- 26.Topics Beyond This Book -- Discrete-Time Modeling and the z-Transform -- State-Space Methods -- Robust Control -- Optimal Control -- Mathematical Control Theory -- pt. V Appendices.
9781449361693
Feedback control systems.
Control theory.
Control theory.
Feedback control systems.
629.83